Beware the Fuzzy Marchers: Processionary Caterpillars in Spain (and Why Your Pets Are at Risk!)

Spring in Spain is a glorious time. The sun warms the land, wildflowers burst into color, and… fuzzy caterpillars start their infamous marches. Yes, we’re talking about the processionary caterpillars (Thaumetopoea pityocampa), a seasonal hazard that every pet owner (and anyone enjoying the outdoors) should be aware of.

These caterpillars, with their distinctive orange and black stripes and long, white hairs, are a common sight in pine forests and gardens across Spain, particularly from late winter to spring. They get their name from their characteristic nose-to-tail processions as they descend from pine trees to pupate in the soil. While they might look like something out of a whimsical children’s book, they pose a serious threat, especially to our beloved dogs and cats.

The Danger Lies in the Hairs:

The real danger lies in the tiny, barbed hairs that cover the caterpillars’ bodies. These hairs contain a protein called thaumetopoein, which is a potent irritant and allergen. When disturbed, the caterpillars release these hairs into the air as a defense mechanism.

Why Pets Are Particularly Vulnerable:

• Curiosity: Dogs and cats are naturally curious and may investigate the caterpillars with their noses or mouths. This puts them at high risk of coming into contact with the irritating hairs.
• Ingestion: If a pet accidentally ingests a caterpillar or its hairs, the consequences can be severe.
• Contact: Even brushing against a procession can cause a reaction.

Symptoms in Dogs and Cats:

The symptoms of processionary caterpillar exposure can range from mild to life-threatening, depending on the amount of contact and the individual animal’s sensitivity. Common signs include:

• Swelling of the tongue and mouth: This can lead to difficulty breathing.
• Excessive drooling: A sign of irritation and pain.
• Vomiting: A reaction to the toxin.
• Irritation of the skin and eyes: Redness, swelling, and itching.
• Necrosis (tissue death): In severe cases, the tongue or other affected areas can suffer tissue damage.
• Respiratory distress: Swelling in the throat can obstruct airways.
• Shock: In extreme cases, the allergic reaction can lead to shock and even death.

What to Do If You Suspect Exposure:

If you suspect your pet has come into contact with processionary caterpillars, seek immediate veterinary attention. Time is of the essence.

• Do not attempt to remove the hairs yourself, as this can spread them further.
• Rinse the affected area with copious amounts of warm water.
• Your vet may administer antihistamines, corticosteroids, or other treatments to manage the allergic reaction.

Prevention is Key:

• Avoid pine forests and areas known to have infestations during the caterpillar season.
• Keep your pets on a leash during walks in potentially affected areas.
• Supervise your pets closely in your garden.
• If you have pine trees in your garden, consider having them treated by a professional pest control company.
• Educate yourself and your family about the dangers of processionary caterpillars.

Protecting Your Family and Pets:

Processionary caterpillars are a seasonal hazard that requires vigilance. By being aware of the risks and taking preventative measures, you can help protect your family and pets from these fuzzy, but dangerous, marchers. Enjoy the Spanish spring, but keep a watchful eye out for these potentially harmful creatures.